BASIC COMPUTER

Basic computer

Theory Notes




 

Table of Contents

 

1.     FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTER

 

2.     CHARACTERS OF COMPUTER

 

3.     HISTORY OF COMPUTER

 

4.     GENERATION OF COMPUTER

 

5.     CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER

 

6.     NUMBER SYSTEM

 

7.     CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)

 

8.     COMPUTER SYSTEM

 

9.     INPUT DEVICES

 

10.               OUTPUT DEVICES

 

11.               BUSES

 

12.               MEMORY

 

13.               MICROPROCESSOR

CHAPTER – 1

FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTER

Full Name of the Computer

C - Common

O - Operating

M - Machine

P - Particularly

U - Used for                                                                                                         

T - Trade and

E - Education

R – Research

 

Introduction of Computer

                                                                 The computer has been derived from Latin word   

 “Computer “which means “To Calculate”.

                        There is no field today which is without these wonderful machine.

Most people think it is only a calculation machine but really it is much made them that computer can very fast speed and can also store result. It is memory and any problem in very less time. The problems may be related to the business, communication develop of other word.

                        It is a Machine that can perform comparing and performed other arithmetic operation Alfa numerical other symbols that be used represented things.

 

Definition of Computer –

                                    Computer is an electronic device which can be store and process row data follow set of instruction and give meaningful result.

Basic working of computer

                               Computer worked based on IPO (Input, Process, Output).

Electronic device –

                        It is a machine which works on consume less electricity.

Information –

                        Which has been process known as information.

Meaningful Result –

                        The output result received from processing is called meaningful result.

Row Data –

                        Unprocessed fact and features is known as row data.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                     CHAPTER - 2

Characteristic of Computer

Speed –

                    The computer is very high speed electronic device. Speed is the rate of which a computer. Computer can perform millions of calculation f per second. The computer generation signals, during the operation process. Speed of computer mega hertz giga hertz of means millions cycle of frequency hertz per second.

Storage capacity –

                        The fast speed of computers led to the requirement of high storage capacity.

Accuracy –

                        “Computer accuracy depend upon garbage in and garbage out.” It is very accurate device. It gives accurate output results provided get the correct input data and set of instructions gave to the computer.

Reliability –

                        The modern computer can perform every complicated calculation with creating any problems and produces consistent generally computer are very reliable.

Versatility –

                        Computers are capable of performance almost any task which can be reduced to a sires of logical steps.

Memory –

                        The computer remember whatever we till remember.

Arithmetic and Logical Operation –

                        Computer can perform arithmetical and logical operation and it perform the addition, subtraction, multiplication , division and numeric data in logical operations.

Intelligence –

                        A computer does not perform magic. It can perform data human being. Computer IQ is nil.

Communication –

                        Computer is mostly is used to exchange message data through the computer network all over work.

Diligence –

                        Computer can continuously work for hours without creating any error. It does not tired while working after hours.

No Feelings –

Computer do not work an emotions because computer are machine. Generally man takes decision on feelings, taste, knowledge and experience but computer judgement is purely based on instructions give to it in the form of programs.

Trained man power –

                        Computer system required trained man power to handle it depend protectely.

Deference between a computer or calculator –

 

1.     A calculator only perform arithmetic calculation whereas computer act as a general purpose device. Computer can to comparison and can perform logical operation.

 

2.     A calculator works on instruction while computer works on instructions in the form of program.

 

 

3.     A computer has memory and can hold instruction and process data while calculator can not storage for further use.

 

4.     A computer is a costly device as compared to a calculator.

 

 

5.     A computer calculates instruction at a very high speed while calculator takes lot of time to perform simple calculation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER – 3

HISTORY OF COMPUTER

 

THE ABACUS –

                              Abacus is a Latin word that has its origin in the greek words ‘Abex’ or ‘Abakan’ meaning ‘Table’ or Tables’.

                              Abacus was the earlier for on the computing device envented by the people of China nearly 3000 or 5000 year ago. An abacus was the first calculating device. It was mainly used by merchants to perform basic calculation such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and  division.

      An abacus is a simple device made up of a frame with rods. Each rod has a definite number of beads.

      Abacus works on the principal of place value rotation. Abacus word by shifting the beads on the weirs upper and lower parts. Upper parts have 3 beads (Heaven) and lower arts of 5 beads (Earth).

                           

JOHN NAPIRE’S BONES (1550-1671) –

                    Johan Napier’s was Schotish mathmetition and a strologer. He develop another calculating device known as Napier’s bone.

                   

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